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[#P2624] Existence of a fourteen-point two-fold difference packing modulo 100

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Problem. Let \(G=\mathbb Z/100\mathbb Z\). For a subset \(A\subseteq G\) and a nonzero residue \(t\in G\), define \(r_A(t)=\bigl|\{(a,b)\in A\times A:a\ne b\text{ and }a-b=t\}\bigr|\). Does there exist a subset \(A\subseteq G\) with \(|A|=14\) such that \(r_A(t)\le 2\) for every nonzero \(t\in G\)?

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Definitions and notation

1Context

This is a finite difference-packing problem in a cyclic group. If \(1_A\) is the indicator function of \(A\), then \(r_A(t)=\sum_{x\in G}1_A(x)1_A(x-t)\) is the off-peak periodic autocorrelation at shift \(t\).

2Problem setup

Definition 1 (cyclic group modulo 100). The group \(\mathbb Z/100\mathbb Z\) consists of the residue classes of integers modulo \(100\), with addition and subtraction performed modulo \(100\).

Definition 2 (ordered-difference multiplicity). The ordered-difference multiplicity \(r_A(t)\) counts ordered pairs of distinct elements of \(A\) whose difference is \(t\).

Definition 3 (cyclic B_2[2] set). On this page, a cyclic \(B_2[2]\) set means a subset \(A\) for which \(r_A(t)\le 2\) for every nonzero residue \(t\).

Remark 1. Since \(50=-50\) in \(G\), an unordered pair whose elements differ by \(50\) contributes both of its orderings to \(r_A(50)\).

3What counts as a solution

  • An existence solution gives fourteen distinct residue classes and verifies \(r_A(t)\le 2\) for all ninety-nine nonzero residues \(t\).
  • A nonexistence solution proves that no fourteen-element subset has the required multiplicities. A computational proof must include an independently checkable exhaustive certificate and state every symmetry reduction used.

1Status

What counts as a solution

Current status (The certified maximum lies between 13 and 14). The current certified interval is 13 <= M <= 14: an explicit 13-set passes all 99 difference checks, and ordered-pair counting rules out size 15. Whether a valid 14-set exists remains unresolved.[1]

1Packet records

4 records

Notes and companion material

Original intake status. UNKNOWN as of 2026-07-28. A checked size-13 construction and the counting bound give 13 ≤ M ≤ 14 for a two-fold difference packing in Z/100Z. The existence of a size-14 set was not settled in the checked classifications.

  • The 2026-07-28 exact-parameter search covered optical orthogonal codes, cyclic difference packings, and generalized Sidon-set terminology.
  • The strongest checked interval is 13 ≤ M ≤ 14, with both endpoints independently replayed in the packet.
  • No duplicate exact Z/100Z target was found in the controlled corpus.

Recorded example 1. A verified 13-set is {8,13,18,28,29,47,68,71,82,83,91,95,99}.

Computational notes

  • The ordered-difference count gives |A|(|A|-1)<=198 and hence |A|<=14. Fifty thousand seeded random greedy searches found the displayed 13-set and no 14-set; direct multiplicity checking certified its maximum bin count as two.
How the 4 records connect
The overview places each record once. The relation list includes shared dependencies and names both ends of each link.

ProblemExistence of a fourteen-point two-fold difference packing modulo 100

All 4 recorded relations between these records and the problem

2See also

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Cite this problem statement

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Plain text
“Existence of a fourteen-point two-fold difference packing modulo 100.” TheoremDB. P2624. Problem statement; statement text SHA-256 e39e91b85e9fb258f7df72e421da44f259f6b1934fa92cd34692c9b3fb0f0a0e. https://theoremdb.org/statement/?ref=P2624
BibTeX
@misc{theoremdb-problem-e39e91b85e9fb258f7df72e421da44f259f6b1934fa92cd34692c9b3fb0f0a0e,
  title = {{Existence of a fourteen-point two-fold difference packing modulo 100}},
  howpublished = {TheoremDB},
  note = {Problem statement; statement text SHA-256 e39e91b85e9fb258f7df72e421da44f259f6b1934fa92cd34692c9b3fb0f0a0e},
  url = {https://theoremdb.org/statement/?ref=P2624}
}

This problem includes 4 records joined by 4 typed links, sourced from doi.org[1], current as of July 25, 2026.

1References

  1. Packet source. Fan R. K. Chung, Jawad A. Salehi, and Victor K. Wei, Optical orthogonal codes: design, analysis and applications, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 35 (1989), 595-604; Christopher N. Swanson, Planar cyclic difference packings, Journal of Combinatorial Designs 8 (2000), 426-434; Tsonka Baicheva and Svetlana Topalova, Maximal (v,k,2,1) Optical Orthogonal Codes with k=6 and 7 and Small Lengths, Mathematics 11 (2023), article 2457. Definitions and the one-codeword periodic autocorrelation formulation. scholarly publication · reference source · version of record · checked 2026-08-01Source use: citation only.Gives the optical orthogonal code formulation equivalent to the ordered-difference condition for the Z/100Z problem.Also cited at Fan R. K. Chung, Jawad A. Salehi, and Victor K. Wei, Optical orthogonal codes: design, analysis and applications, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 35 (1989), 595-604; Christopher N. Swanson, Planar cyclic difference packings, Journal of Combinatorial Designs 8 (2000), 426-434; Tsonka Baicheva and Svetlana Topalova, Maximal (v,k,2,1) Optical Orthogonal Codes with k=6 and 7 and Small Lengths, Mathematics 11 (2023), article 2457.Also cited at Direct ordered-difference count and exhaustive verification in b2z100-artifact-verifier-and-ilp.Also cited at Seeded local computations performed and capped on 2026-07-25; near-miss multiplicities rechecked by b2z100-artifact-verifier-and-ilp.For Existence of a fourteen-point two-fold difference packing modulo 100: The standard OOC formulation matches the ordered-difference condition, while the located finite classifications do not cover weight 14.Source named by the research packet.Gives the optical orthogonal code formulation equivalent to the ordered-difference condition.
  2. Christopher N. Swanson, “Planar cyclic difference packings”. Journal of Combinatorial Designs 8(6) (2000), 426-434. DOI 10.1002/1520-6610(2000)8:6<426::AID-JCD5>3.0.CO;2-4. Cyclic difference-packing terminology and bounds. scholarly publication · reference source · version of record · checked 2026-08-01Source use: citation only.Places the target beside planar cyclic difference packings and supplies neighboring exact computations.Also cited at Cyclic difference-packing terminology and exact computations through modulus 144.For Existence of a fourteen-point two-fold difference packing modulo 100: Places the problem in the cyclic difference-packing literature.Places the problem beside the adjacent multiplicity-one cyclic difference-packing case.Places the exact finite target in the cyclic difference-packing literature.
  3. Tsonka Baicheva and Svetlana Topalova, “Maximal (v, k, 2, 1) Optical Orthogonal Codes with k = 6 and 7 and Small Lengths”. Mathematics 11(11) (2023), 2457. DOI 10.3390/math11112457. Definitions 1–2 and Section 2.4. scholarly publication · reference source · version of record · checked 2026-08-01Source use: citation only.Provides nearby optical-code classifications and the exact multiplicity-two parameter convention.Also cited at Definitions 1 and 2 and Section 2.4.For Existence of a fourteen-point two-fold difference packing modulo 100: Supplies nearby finite classifications and the exact optical-code parameter conventions.Supplies nearby finite classifications and the exact autocorrelation-two conventions.Supplies nearby classifications and checks the parameter conventions used by this record.

CC0 finite difference-packing target.

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